17.8 子曰：“由也！女闻六言六蔽矣乎1？”对曰：“未也。” “居！吾语女。好仁不好学，其蔽也愚。好知不好学，其蔽也荡。好信不好学，其蔽也贼2。好直不好学，其蔽也绞3。好勇不好学，其蔽也乱。好刚不好学，其蔽也狂。”
【译文】
孔子说：“仲由呀！你听到过六个字概括的品德以及六种弊病吗？”子路回答：“没有。” 孔子说：“你坐下，我告诉你。喜爱仁德而不喜爱学习，它的弊病是愚而不明。喜爱聪明而不喜爱学习，它的弊病是放荡不羁。喜爱诚信而不喜爱学习，它的弊病是自己反受伤害。喜爱直率而不喜爱学习，它的弊病是偏激尖刻。喜爱勇敢而不喜爱学习，它的弊病是作乱惹祸。喜爱刚强而不喜爱学习，它的弊病是轻率狂妄。”
【YZG解释】
孔子说：“仲由呀！你听到过六种美德以及对应的六种弊病吗？”子路回答：“没有。” 孔子说：“你坐下，我告诉你。喜好仁德而不喜好学习以明其理，带来的弊病是会因愚善而被陷于不义。喜好智慧而不喜好学习以明其理，则容易失去方向地乱求知，带来的弊病是放荡不羁、飘忽不定。喜好诚信而不喜好学习以明其理，则不懂得灵动变通，带来的弊病是自己反受伤害。喜好直率而不喜好学习以明其理，则无法通达事理，带来的弊病是偏激尖刻。喜好勇敢而不喜好学习以明其理，就无法控制情绪而意气用事，带来的弊病是作乱惹祸。喜好刚强而不喜好学习以明其理，则容易自以为是而无法判断是非，带来的弊病是轻率狂妄。”
【English Translation】
Confucius said, “Zi Lu1! Have you heard about the six virtues and their corresponding six drawbacks?” Zi Lu replied: “No.”
Confucius said: “Sit down, let me tell you. Only being fond of virtue without learning to understand its principles brings the drawback of being trapped in injustice due to foolish kindness. Only being fond of wisdom without learning to understand its principles leads to aimless seeking of knowledge, and thus brings the drawback of being unrestrained and erratic. Only pursuing integrity without learning to understand its principles brings the drawback of being injured oneself due to not understanding flexibility. Only striving for straightforwardness without learning to understand its principles leads to not being able to understand things thoroughly, and brings the drawback of being overly extreme and acerbic. Only be fond of bravery without learning to understand its principles makes it impossible to control emotions and act on impulse, and brings the drawback of causing trouble and creating chaos. Only seeking firmness without learning to understand its principles leads to being self-righteous and unable to judge right from wrong, and brings the drawback of being rash and arrogant.”
【Note】