述而篇 7.31

7.31　陈司败问¹：“昭公知礼乎²？”孔子曰：“知礼。”孔子退，揖巫马期而进之³，曰：“吾闻君子不党⁴，君子亦党乎？君取于吴⁵，为同姓⁶，谓之吴孟子⁷。君而知礼，孰不知礼？”巫马期以告。子曰：“丘也幸，苟有过，人必知之。”

【译文】

陈司败问孔子：“鲁昭公懂得礼吗？”孔子答道：“懂礼。”孔子出去后，陈司败向巫马期作了个揖，请他走近自己，说：“我听说君子没有偏私，难道君子也会偏私吗？鲁君从吴国娶了夫人，这是同姓国家，为掩饰而称她为吴孟子。如果鲁君也算懂礼，那还有谁不懂礼？”巫马期把这些话告诉孔子。孔子说：“我很幸运啊，若有过错，人家一定会知道。”

【YZG解释】

陈司败问孔子：“鲁昭公懂得礼吗？”孔子答道：“懂礼。”孔子出去后，陈司败向巫马期作了个揖，请他走近自己，说：“我听说君子（指孔夫子）没有偏私，难道君子也会偏私吗？鲁君从吴国娶了夫人，这是同姓国家，为掩饰而称她为吴孟子。如果鲁君也算懂得礼，那还有谁不懂得礼？”巫马期把这些话告诉孔子。孔子说：“我很幸运啊，若有过错，人家就会指出来。”

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【English Translation】

Chen Si Bai¹ asked Confucius: “Does Duke Zhao of Lu² understand the Rites?” Confucius replied: “Yes, he does.” After Confucius left, Chen Si Bai made a bow to Wu Ma Qi³ and asked Wu Ma Qi to come closer to him, then said: “I heard that a noble person has no partiality, but would a noble person also be partial? The ruler of Lu married his wife from the State of Wu. Since Wu is a state with the same surname as the State of Lu⁴, the ruler’s wife is called Wu Meng Zi⁵ to cover it up. If the ruler of Lu is considered to understand the Rites, then who does not understand?” Wu Ma Qi told Confucius these words. Confucius said: “I am very fortunate. If I have a fault, others will point it out.”

【Note】

注释

1. 陈：国名。司败：官名，即司寇。或说“陈司败”是人名。 ↩ ↩²

2. 昭公：鲁昭公，名稠，一作“禂”。 ↩ ↩²

3. 巫马期：孔子学生。姓巫马，名施，字子期。 ↩ ↩²

4. 党：偏私。 ↩ ↩²

5. 取：同“娶”。 ↩ ↩²

6. 为同姓：鲁是周公后代，吴是太伯后代，都是姬姓。根据礼制，同姓不能通婚。 ↩

7. 吴孟子：春秋时，国君夫人的称号应是她本国国名加上她的姓，因此昭公夫人应该称吴姬，现在为了回避同姓而婚的事实，故省去“姬”而有此称，“孟子”可能是这位夫人的字。 ↩