13.15 定公问:“一言而可以兴邦,有诸?” 孔子对曰:“言不可以若是其几也1。人之言曰:‘为君难,为臣不易。’如知为君之难也,不几乎一言而兴邦乎?” 曰:“一言而丧邦,有诸?” 孔子对曰:“言不可以若是其几也。人之言曰:‘予无乐乎为君,唯其言而莫予违也。’如其善而莫之违也,不亦善乎?如不善而莫之违也,不几乎一言而丧邦乎?”
【译文】
鲁定公问:“一句话可以使国家兴盛,有这样的事吗?” 孔子回答说:“对于言语不可有这样的期望。有人说:‘做君主很难,做臣子不容易。’如果知道做君主的艰难,那不就接近于一句话可使国家兴盛了?” 定公又问:“一句话可以使国家丧亡,有这样的事吗?” 孔子回答说:“对于言语不可有这样的期望。有人说:‘我做国君没有什么快乐,唯有我说的话没有人违抗。’如果他的话正确而没有谁违抗,不也很好吗?如果他的话不正确而没有人违抗,那不就接近于一句话可使国家丧亡了?”
【YZG解释】
鲁定公问:“一句话可以使国家兴盛,有这回事吗?” 孔子回答说:“对于言语不可有这样的期望。有人说:‘做君主很难,做臣子不容易。’如果知道做君主的艰难,谨言慎行,兢兢业业,那不就接近于一句话可使国家兴盛了?” 定公又问:“一句话可以使国家丧亡,有这回事吗?”孔子回答说:“对于言语不可有这样的期望。有人说:‘我做国君没有什么快乐,唯有我说的话没有人违抗。’如果他的话正确而没有谁违抗,不是很好吗?如果他的话不正确而没有人违抗,那不就接近于一句话可使国家丧亡了?”
【English Translation】
Duke Ding of Lu asked Confucius: “Is it true that one sentence can make a State prosperous?”
Confucius replied: “We should not have such expectations for words. Some people said: ‘It is hard to be a monarch, and also not easy to be a minister.’ If a person knows the difficulties of being a monarch, and is prudent in speaking and acting, and diligent, isn’t it close to the fact that one sentence can make a state prosperous?”
Duke Ding further asked: “Is it true that one sentence can make a State perish?”
Confucius replied: “We should not have such expectations for words. Some people said: ‘I don’t have much joy as a monarch, only that no one dares to disobey my words.’ If his words are correct and no one dares to disobey, isn’t that good? But if his words are incorrect and no one dares to disobey, then isn’t it close to the fact that one sentence can make a State perish?”
注释
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几:期望。 ↩